Reflecting and refracting device for stereoscopes



April17, 162s. 1,666,145

6 w. P. REAvEs REFLECTING AND REFRACTING DEVICE FOR STEREOSCOPESV Filed Aug. 29, 19.23V 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 vvPatented Apr. 17,1928. y l

ff" WILLIAMLQREAVES, on Gnnnnsnonoynon'rrr CAROLINA.

:Rnrrincfrrne nnnnnrnacrme lnnvrcit For. srnnnoscorns.

Appliietioneiea August 29,1923, serial No. 659,983'.-

. This invention relates to stereoscopic; ap'- paratus `and particularly to reflecting and refr-actingdevices employedfin binocularobservation of dlagnosls.

Y Instereoseopie radiographicldiagnosis two radiographs are placed exactly opposite each y, f other in parallel planes .on a stereoscope and .inclined mirrors are positioned between themV to reflect the light from ltheradiographs respeetively into'the respective eyes oftheob- Y' servertwho sees the two Ypictures as one `11nage,'wh1ch lmagefappears in relief.

In accordance with this invention, binocular lenses are employed 1n combina-tion with 1 the mirrors and these lenses enable the diag- `nostician to increase the acuteness of his vision by vso'lplacingthe lenses that'` the f radiographis brought yclearly into focus.

NVithout such lensesit` is" often difficult or i impossible for the Vdiagnostici,an to bring the 5 plates ,into exact focus, partlcularly when the diagnostician requires .special glasses for certain distances. The .stereoscopicv lenses enable the observer to keep the: radlograph at its proper distance from his eyes, which is the distance between-the X-ray targetand A the Xray plate when 'the radiograph is Ftakem'and tofocus and maintain the focus` ofthe radiograph. Proper focusing may bel done by lmerely adjusting the lenses and without moving theradiographs as has hererto-forej been found necessary;

' j f Another advantage of-pthe presentimen# i '.tion resides inthe magnifying effect of the jlenses, the vimages ofthe twopla-tes which, gtogethen' appear-,as fonek ,-image, appearing larger soV that'L the diagnostician observes greater detail` than when magnification is not carried. out. s l fOther features` and objects of `the invention will be apparent to one skilled in -the art asy it is disclosedy in the accompanying.

drawings and, in the' following description. The present dlsclosu'rej'is, however, of one form ofthe invention 'only which isset forth -by-way of example and it will be obvious4 that changes in design-and arrangement of`l` the componentparts may be made without I -Figure'l isa perspective vviewvof erstere-fV YKoseope showing the improved reiectingand departing fromr` the lspirit andlscope; of thev invention. I. In the drawings; y

refracting device incorporatedtherewith.

Fg. 2 is a longitudinal, vertical section plates or objects in radiographicv through thereiiectin'g and refracting'device.' 4

is a horizontal section `through the same.

A portion of the main frame ofthe stele Fig. t is asection on fline L ?.le'of Fig. '3.` Fig. 5 is a perspectiveview of portionof .the'device, and' i, K F'g is a perspective'view,ofone of the l lenses.

oscope is vindicated at 10, the plat'egholding devices at 11, and one of the radiographic plateslat'12. The memberl() vcomprises two parallel rods orftrackwaysgon vwhich they frames 11 'are slidably mounted vvand `upon ywl'iieh the base 13 of'the'reflecting and re-` tract-ing vdevice is also sl,idablymounted. Base/13 includes parallel rods ltupon which is mounted `aslide 15, movablev at right anglesto the direction of movement'of the base on thetraclzs 10,'.tha't is, towardfor away vfrom `the observer. Extending upwardly l from nthe slide 15 is a pedestal 16' and tol 'the upper end" of this pedestalisv adjustably se-jcured the frame 17 of the reflecting and re#` v fracting instrument.

sdf

The frame' 'itl'nciudS'tp ma beata@ ymembers `18 and 19 respectively, arranged in parallel' planes ,and` rigidly secured together.v Corner posts are indicated at2Q and a I nain,

central., Ushapecl'-rlu'pright 'connecting post at .21a This frame, whiehhas a boX-likefeonstruction snnilarin generalto thatgdisclosed in'my co-pendingfapplication, lSerial.l\Tum ber 605,213, filed December .6, 1922, includes 'a nose'piece`i22,` and extending from vthis aroingidl -and slideably,v receives the post 16,

and a thumb-screw 27 extends ythrough a threaded aperturefin the yoke and engages `the yverticalV post. The frame may therefore y beadjusted vertically. ias found desirable *by* i the diagnostician. l The slot28 Vin fthebet-` toni ofthefraine through which thefpostgex- These tends .is elongated, as shownclearlyiznFig..l

' 53,'sothatt-he angular positionof the frame relative to the post maybeadjusted in Ia plane at` right angles to "the, aXisofthe Dust-excluding yprotective doors are indi,.-y

cated at and 3l, 3l, these doors being geared together for simultaneous operation in the manner disclosed in my application Serial Number 605,213, and being adapted to swing from the positions in which they are shown infull lines in Fig. 3 to dotted line position.

The lenses are indicated at 32 and are so y supported on the frame that they may be into laid Ha-t'against the protective glasses 24, 24 when the device is not being used, and covered by the folding shutters or doors 30. These lenses have circular frames or guards 33 to which are secured tubular members 34C which project spindles 35 rigidly mounted upon sleeves 36. The tubes 34- are freely rotatable on spindles 35 and hence the lenses may be swung freely about these spindles as pivotal axes in the adjustment of the device in operation. Sleeves 3G are in turn slidably mounted upon arms 37 and 33. These arms are of' substantially equal length and adapted to be swung aboutl a common axis. Arm 33 isV fixed to the lower end of a rod 39 which is received and frictionally held within a tube lO' extending vertically through the frame and secured therein by nuts 4l. Arm 37 is secured to the lower end of rod 39 by means of a screw 42, there being a spring or friction Washer a3 between the screwhead and arm 37. The construction is such that the rodl 39 may be moved vertically Within tube 40 but for all vertical adjustments of the rod the two arms 37 and 38 may swing about the same as an axis. Thus, in Fig. 3, two possible positions of arms 37 and 38 areindicated, in one of which the arms extend longitudinally of the stereoscope and in the other of'which the arms are folded forwardly toward the observer or diagnostician. In the former position the lenses are adjusted to refract light rays passing from plates 12 to the mirrors, and in the latter position they are, adjusted to refract light rays passing from the mirrors to the observers eyes.

For moving the lenses simultaneously toward and-away from the'mirrors, I employ a cord andl drum device comprising essentially'a drum member or spool 5() rotatively mounted in arm 33, to which is attached the ends of acord or wire 5l. This wire is secured to each of the sleeves 36 and, due to the opposite winding around the drum 50, simultaneous movement of these sleeves, and hence ofthe lenses, will occur when the drum is rotated by means of the integral handle 53.

The Wire 5l passes over pulleys- 511, 54: at the endsfof the arms 37 and 38 respectivelyto insure free running.

In operating the reflecting and refracting.

device the diagnostician may either swing the lenses 1n front of the frame or may extend them laterally at its sides, found vardly on rods la, so that all desirable adjustments of the apparatus may be conveniently an'dquiclrly made. When the apparatus is not being used, the lenses may be, as

before pointed out, folded in against the` sides of the frame and covered by the protective shutters or doors 30,.

By the use. of my improved apparatus,

`the acuteness of vision of the diagnostician may be increased, the lenses enabling him to bring the radiograph plates into exact focus even though the eyes of the particular diagnostician may in general be effective only at particular distances. The'diagnostician is also enabled tol keep the radiograph at its proper stereoscopic distance from his eye and to focus and maintain the focus of the radiograph. Proper focusing may be easily accomplished by moving the lenses and Without moving'the radiographs. In addition, the radiographs will be greatly magniiied and the diagnosis thereby rendered more accurate. l 1

It will be understood that the apparatus above described, that is, the lense mechanism including its supporting arms 'and adjusting device, may be formed asv an integral part of the frame or mayv be formed as an attachment therefor. When formed as an attachment the device maybe used with any well known stereoscopic mirror box device. The arms 37 and'38 may be either positioned below the frame or above the same, in Whichever positionV may be found'most convenient, lthe rod 39 being insertable into tube 40 from the top asl wellr as from the bottom. To one skilled in the art it will also be apparent that many changes may be made in the design and arrangement of the component elements of the device and that it is not limited to that 'embodiment which has been disclosed by way of example.

f Having thus described the invention what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. In apparatus of the class described, in i combination, ytwo lenses, supporting means for the lenses whereby theyv are mounted for rotatory movement about parallel axes and Y swinging movement about a. single axis, and

means for attaching said supporting means to a mlrror frame,

1,666,145. v y, y' 'r3 2. In apparatus of the class described, in mitting said snpporting means to be combination, two lenses, supporting means justed relatively to the frame, for the pur-` for the lenses whereby they are mounted for pose set fforth.

\ 10 rotatory movement about parallel axes and In testimony Vwhereof I hereunto affix my l 5 swinging movement about a single axis, and signature.

means for attaching said supporting means Y f 1 to a mirror frame, said attaching means pery v WILLIAM P. REAVES; 

